Los Angeles has a diverse economy, and hosts businesses in a broad range of professional and cultural fields. The city was further expanded with the completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, which delivers water from Eastern California. The discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood. In 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and thus became part of the United States. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence.
The city was founded on September 4, 1781, under Spanish governor Felipe de Neve, on the village of Yaanga. Home to the Chumash and Tongva indigenous peoples, the area that became Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542. It covers about 469 square miles (1,210 km 2), and is the seat of Los Angeles County, which is the most populous county in the United States with an estimated 9.86 million as of 2022. The city of Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California adjacent to the Pacific Ocean extending through the Santa Monica Mountains and into the San Fernando Valley. Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic and cultural diversity, Hollywood film industry, and sprawling metropolitan area. With a population of roughly 3.9 million as of 2020, it is also the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world's most populous megacities. 'The Angels'), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Southern California. Los Angeles ( US: / l ɔː s ˈ æ n dʒ əl ə s/ ( listen) lawss AN-jəl-əs Spanish: Los Ángeles, lit.
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